Leukemia – 20-Year Comparative Survival and Mortality Analysis by Age, Sex, Race, Cohort Entry Time-Period, Disease Duration, Major Subtypes and Other Histologic Categories: A Systematic Review of 142,713 Cases for Diagnosis Years 1975-2022
Leukemia is a broad term for a heterogenous group of hematologic malignancies that arise from the abnormal proliferation of leukocytes. It occurs most often in adults older than 55, but also is the most common cancer in children younger than 15, and accounts for more than 25% of cancer deaths in this age group. In this United States long term retrospective population-based analysis of 143,713 microscopically confirmed leukemia cases, mortality and survival study, 1975-2022, data is derived from the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results Programs, SEER*Stat software versions 8.4.5 and SEER*Stat 9.0.40.0, and, SEER Registry – Incidence - SEER Research Data, 8 Registries, Nov 2024 Sub (1975-2022). This comparative cohort entry time-period analysis is intended to provide age-adjusted epidemiologic, demographic, short and long-term survival and mortality data for convenient reference by all physicians, scientists, insurance underwriters, and others interested in cancer mortality follow-up.
Prologue, Background and Importance
The history of leukemia1-3 is a remarkable story of scientific discovery and medical advancement. The early history of leukemia reaches back 200 years to Peter Cullen in 1811 who described a case of ‘splenitis acutus’ with unexplainable milky blood. In 1845, Rudolph Virchow, a German medical student, noted a reversal of white and red blood cell balance in the bloodstream, and he introduced the name of the disease as ‘leukamia’ in 1847. However, it was Henry Fuller in 1846 who performed the first microscopic diagnosis of a leukemia patient during life. Paul Erlich’s work went on to influence the classification of leukemia and helped classify the disease into acute and chronic forms. These distinctions laid the foundation for the modern understanding of the natural history, diagnosis & treatment of leukemia, divided into four major (cellular) subtypes:
Acute lymphoid (lymphocytic) leukemia (ALL), also known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia,
Acute myeloid (myelocytic) leukemia (AML), also known as acute myeloblastic leukemia,
Chronic lymphoid (lymphocytic) leukemia (CLL),
Chronic myeloid (myelocytic) leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myelogenous leukemia.
In the modern era, Yang and associates4 using National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, studied secular trends in the incidence and survival of all leukemia types in the United States from 1975 to 2017 and found that the overall incidence of leukemia steadily increased from 12.39/100 000 in 1975 to 14.65/100 000 in 2011, and then began to decline in recent years (13.73/100 000 in 2017), with average annual percent changes (APC) of 0.350 (P<0.001). The 5-year relative survival rate of leukemia patients significantly improved from 33.2% prior to 1975 to 66.1% in 2012 (APC=1.980, P<0.001).
The current importance and nature of the leukemia threat in the United States is highlighted in seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/.5
Estimated new cases in 2025: 66,890
% of all new cases: 3.3%
Estimated deaths in 2025: 23,540
% of all cancer deaths: 3.8%
5-Year Relative Survival, 2015-2021: 67.8%
Age-adjusted incidence rates, M&F, 2018-2022: 14.4/100,000/year
Age-adjusted death rates, M&F, 2019-2023: 5.8/100,000/year
Prevalence in 2023 – leukemia patients in the US: 536,245 alive patients
M&F lifetime risk of development, 2018-21 data: 3.5%
This study is a long-term retrospective 20-year population-based analysis of 142,713 leukemia patients in the United States comparing survival and mortality by age, sex, race, cohort entry time-period (1975-1999 and 2000-2022), disease duration, major subtypes and selected variant categories (Hairy cell and B cell) using SEER 8 patient registry (Ref 8) and SEER*Stat software program.6,7
Objectives
Analyze and determine the burden of leukemia – short- and long-term mortality (MR & EDR) and survival (SR), mean observed and expected mortality rates (q and q’) with corresponding excess deaths (MR & EDR) and cumulative relative survival-SR – in two cohort entry time-periods 1975-99 & 2000-22 on 142,713 patients drawing upon the National Cancer Institute (NCI) SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results) research data, 8 registries, 1975-20228 for convenient reference by all physicians, scientists, insurance underwriters, and others interested in cancer mortality follow-up.
Methods
The National Cancer Institute SEER program, with its government-issued, deidentified, public-use database since 1973 remains an excellent resource because its cancer information has remained consistent over time and does not require institutional review board approval based on guidelines from the National Human Research Protections Advisory Committee.
General methods of life table methodology and display of standard life tables are described in previous articles in this series published in the Journal of Insurance Medicine. Only microscopically confirmed cases were included. Excluded were all death certificate only and those alive with no survival time. For mortality analysis by age, sex, race/ethnicity, stage, grade, disease-duration, and investigative time-period, period analysis9 which provides more up-to-date estimates of long-term survival rates than do conventional methods, and observed mean annual mortality rates q10 with corresponding excess mortality and survival indices used to compare the short-and-long-term impact of each risk variable on prognostic outcomes (mean aggregate annual outcomes) as displayed in the 0-1, 1-2, 2-5, 0-5, 5-10, 15, and 15-20 interval-years of disease-duration and clinical follow-up in both analytic time-periods, 1975-1999 and 2000-2022. Observed & derived mean annual mortality & survival indices are presented using pertinent period United States Life Tables as the basis of expected survival. Observed mortality rates (q) are weighted by the frequency of occurrence of death (d) in a defined population during a specified interval and observed mean mortality rate (q) is emphasized as the preferred and most important comparative measure of progress and prognosis in leukemia because of the mathematical relationship of the ratio of observed deaths to risk exposure (E) in person-years (q = d/E), irrespective of disease-duration. The quotient of the d/E ratio is definitively understood by its characterization as the observed mortality rate q, and is typically expressed in decimal units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year. As the quotient of the d/E ratio increases, the mortality rate q increases. Moreover, mortality rates are a better indicator of progress against cancer than incidence or survival because they are less affected by biases from changes in detection practice (see Welch, Ref. 8). Relative frequencies were tested from the 8 SEER registries and from the age-specific distributions.
Standard Medical-Actuarial Life Table Display: The basic feature of a population life table is the annual mortality rate (q). The methodology outlined by Robert J. Pokorski, MD (J Ins Med 1988)11 is used to display cumulative exposures to the risk (E), observed & expected deaths (d & d’), quantify observed & expected mortality rates (q & q’), excess mortality (MR & EDR), and, cumulative observed, expected and relative survival (P, P’, SR) indices. These are displayed in truncated spreadsheet life tables within 5 or more disease-duration intervals of aggregate average annual groupings of data to 20 years. In this study, the traditional medical-actuarial risk assessment nomenclature for cumulative relative survival-SR (100P/P’) continues to be utilized to indicate short-and long-term patient survival. Disease free survival-DFS terminology, clinically useful as an outcome predictor for the cancer of interest12 is not used here in the construction of medical-actuarial life tables. Further discussion of life table methodology and source articles are also given in Chapter 2 of the Medical Risks: Patterns of Mortality and Survival monographs of Richard B. Singer, MD,13 Lew & Gajewski Chapter 1 in Medical Risks; Trends in Mortality by Age and Time Elapsed,14 in addition to the text of Doctors Brackenridge, Croxson and MacKenzie – Medical Selection of Life Risks.15 Basis of expected survival: US Annual Life Tables 1970 through 2022; by age, sex, and race.
Statistical significance: Standard errors are shown for survival rates in the SEER survival tables. Actuarial method: Ederer II method is used for cumulative expected survival. Ederer II method calculates the expected survival rates for patients under observation at each point of follow-up, so the matched individuals are at risk until the corresponding cancer patient dies or is censored.16 Confidence interval: Log (-Log ()) Transformation; the level is 95%. Poisson confidence intervals at the 95% level based on the number of observed deaths are used in this study but not displayed here in order to conserve space on the mortality tables.
Follow-up: Standard procedures were used at the SEER registries. According to the CDC-Journal of Registry Management – National Program of Cancer Registries, annual loss to follow-up (LTFU) was small, representing 4.2% of all patients and 7.6% of alive patients. There was the usual annual decrement due to cases coming to the end of follow-up.
Results
Leukemia age-adjusted frequency distributions and mean age determinations by race and sex, incidence & prevalence epidemiologic data are presented. Short and long-term mortality and survival indices are displayed and discussed in 10 standard life tables.
Incidence and Trends: Since 1975, the incidence of leukemia has increased slightly. In 1975, the incidence rate was 12.7 per 100,000 population, and in 2020, it was 13.9 per 100,000 population. Rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Std Population (20 age groups - Census P25-1130) (See Chart A).
SEER Incidence Rates by Sex and Type: In 2016-2020, 58.4% of the new cases of leukemia occurred in males. Incidence rates for all types of leukemia are higher among males than among females:
ALL – 2.1 per 100,000 for males, 1.6 per 100,000 for females
AML – 5.0 per 100,000 for males, 3.4 per 100,000 for females
CLL – 6.3 per 100,000 for males, 3.3 per 100,000 for females
CML – 2.5 per 100,000 for males, 1.5 per 100,000 for females
SEER Long-Term Trends in SEER Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates, 1975-2022: By Sex, Delay-adjusted SEER Incidence Rate, All Races/Ethnicities, Ages <15 (See Chart B).
SEER Prevalence: People Alive with Leukemia (US Prevalence) on January 1, 2022: By Sex, All Races/Ethnicities, All Ages, ≤ 30 Years Since Diagnosis.17
Female: 214,434 Percent U.S. cohort population: 0.1
Male: 288,595 Percent US cohort population: 0.2
SEER Case Statistics: According to site and morphology, site recode ICD-O-3/WHO 2008 defines leukemia cases selected for SEER registry research data. Cases were excluded if there was no FU (diagnosis by autopsy or death certificate) or if there was a second primary cancer. There was a total of 142,713 leukemia cases in the SEER 8 Data Registry (Incidence - SEER Research Data, 8 Registries, Nov 2024 Sub – 1975-2022) using SEER*Stat 8.4.5 and 9.0.40.0 statistical software frequency database. These cases were divided as follows, first according to quinquennial age groups to 0-90+ years. Then, mean ages-x were calculated by sex and race for total leukemia and by type of leukemia. There were 108,252 cases accessible in the SEER*Stat survival database (75.9% of the total of 142,713) available for medical-actuarial mortality and survival analysis useful for the construction of life Tables 1-10 displayed in this analysis (See Chart C).
Cancer Case Characteristics: Frequency distributions and mean ages by age, sex, race, major subtypes and other histologic types, and number of entrants available for mortality & survival analysis are displayed in Chart A above. The total number of leukemia patients, male and female combined, was 142,713 cases. Male cases of leukemia outnumbered females, 57.8% to 42.2%. The proportion of young patients under age 25 showed striking differences among the four principal types of leukemia. For purposes of comparison, age-adjusted diagnostic frequency distributions by type, sex and race, 1975-2022, are displayed in Figures 1-6.
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
As seen in Figures 1 & 2, leukemia frequency at diagnosis shows a bimodal distribution:
Children (all races and both sexes), ages 00-19 years, leukemia diagnostic frequency zenith – 01-04 years (4809 cases-3.4%):
Male child mean age: ≈3.2 years
Female child mean age: ≈3.6 years
Adults, ages 20-90+ years:
Male diagnostic frequency zenith – 70-74 years (10,981 cases-70.2%); Male mean age: 58.8 years
Female diagnostic frequency zenith – 75-79 years (7188 cases-76.3%); Female mean age: 57.7 years
Almost 70% of cases (10,674) of acute lymphoid leukemia were less than age 35 (Figure 2), but only 0.3% (145 cases) of the chronic form (Figure 3).
As shown in Table A, the mean age was also under 25 for acute lymphoid leukemia, but in the range of 60 to 70 years for the other principal types, a much more typical range for cancer sites in general. Age distributions in the mortality tables are accordingly varied, and sexes are sometimes combined in the age groups. As in other sites, cases are excluded with no follow-up (diagnosed by death certificate or autopsy). In 10,674 acute lymphoid leukemia patients, almost 70% of the total of 15,302 cases, both sexes combined, occurred at ages younger than 35 years, with the apex of diagnostic occurrence at quinquennial ages 01-04 (28%).
RESULTS
Results are shown in Table 1 for the 1975-1999 cohort, male and female combined, for age groups 0-14, 15-34, 35-64, 65 up, but separately for all ages combined. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common leukemia in the pediatric population (see Figures1-3). Mortality ratios are extremely high in the youngest age groups because of the low expected rates, q’ in children and young adults. In terms of EDR, excess mortality increased sharply with advancing age and tended to decrease with duration, although the maximum EDR occurred mostly in the first year at ages under 65. For example, average EDR at duration 0-5 years rose from 26 per 1000 per year in children to 609 in adults age 65 up. When all ages were combined EDR was only slightly lower in females than in males. The prognosis improved with duration in children: EDR had fallen to 0.8 per 1000 at 15-20 years, an excess that was still significant at the 95% confidence level, despite its basis on only 8 deaths. This EDR at 15-20 years was associated with an MR of 187% in these young people who had reached an attained age of 15 to 20 years. There were 2,568 10-year survivors among the children, but this number dwindled progressively to only 26 survivors in the oldest age group, 65 and up, at 10 years. The 10-year survival ratio, SR, decreased from 85.2% in patients age 0-14 to 5.2% in those age 65 up.
Table 2 provides results up to 10 years duration for the 2000-2022 cohort by race as well as age and sex. Although still high, EDR values were substantially reduced below those for the corresponding age group in 1975-1999 except in patients age 65 up. Trend patterns of excess mortality by sex, age and duration were similar in the two cohorts. Excess mortality was about the same in non-whites as in whites. Children, ages 00-14 years, enjoy exceptionally favorable acute lymphoid leukemia relative survival with 97% SR in the 1st 0-1 durational interval to 90% at 20-years (see Figure 7).
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
Adults in the latest cohort (2000-22), M&F combined, ages 65 up, exhibit much diminished relative survival; 44% in the 1st disease duration (0-1 years) to 16% at 20 years; see Figure 8 below.
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
Results for this larger group, in the 1975-99 cohort, with a much higher mean age (66.2 years, both sexes combined), are shown in Table 3 with most cases occurring between the ages of 60-70. Excess mortality was lower than in the acute form, although trends by age, sex and duration were similar. Only two age groups are shown in Table 3, under 65 and 65 up. The average EDR of 40 for men under 65 at duration 0-5 years is best compared with the EDR of 345 in males and females in Table 1, because as seen in Figure 3, there were virtually no patients with the chronic form under age 35 (58 cases, 0.3% - male & female combined). The EDR of 79 in Table 3 for males age 65 up at duration 0-5 years and the corresponding 66 for older females are both much lower than the EDR of 609 in Table 1 for the matching age/duration cell, males and females combined. MR values are also much lower in Table 3 than in Table 1 – all under 500%, reflecting the absence of young patients in the chronic form of lymphoid leukemia.
Excess mortality was only slightly lower in the 2000-2022 cohort (Table 4). When matching sex/age/duration cells are compared, EDR values are lower in the 2000-2022 cohort. Trends by age, duration and sex were similar in the two cohorts. Ten-year SR values in the 2000-2022 cohort were in the range of 76.2% to 81.5% for males and females, all ages combined. Contrary to the results for the acute form of lymphoid leukemia, excess mortality was slightly higher in non-whites than in whites, in Table 4. Chronic lymphoid leukemia percent relative survival in the age 65 up age group, M&F combined, shows an indolent course from 95% in the 1st durational interval (0-1 years) to 54% in the 20-year disease duration interval as seen in Figure 9.
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
Age distribution permits division into three age groups for the acute form of myeloid leukemia in the 1975-1999 cohort (Table 5), when males and females are combined. AML is the most common and aggressive leukemia in adults. Excess mortality is again extremely high, as it was in acute lymphoid leukemia. At duration 0-5 years, the average EDR increased from 256 per 1000 in patients under age 45 to 693 per 1000 in those age 65 up, as MR decreased from 18,371% to 1327%. The corresponding 5-year survival ratios decreased from 31.0% to only 3.1%, so there were few survivors even at 5 years; ages 65 up, 5997 of 6151 deceased (97.5%) at duration 0-5 years with advancing age. When all ages were combined, EDR values were somewhat lower in females than in males. Excess mortality did appear to decrease to relatively low levels in the few 10-year male & female survivors.
In the 2000-22 cohort (Table 6) EDR values were not as high as they were in 1975-99 in matching age/sex/duration cells. For males of all ages at duration 0-5 years EDR was 307 in 2000-22, versus 488 in 1975-99; in females the corresponding EDR values were 278 and 449, respectively. Age, sex and duration trends were similar to those in the 1975-99 cohort. Excess mortality was about the same in non-whites as in whites in Table 6. Acute myeloid leukemia SR is dismal at ages 65 up, M&F combined in the 2000-2022 cohort with relative survival falling from 29% in the 1st durational interval to 6% at 20-years and represents quite minimal improvement from 16% to 1% survival in the 1975-99 cohort (see Figure 10).
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
The chronic form of myeloid leukemia occurs mostly in patients in the older age groups (see Figure 6) and are greatly outnumbered by those in the acute form. Table 7 displays mortality in the 1975-99 cohort of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Excess mortality was lower than it was in the acute form (Table 5), but not so low as it was in chronic lymphoid leukemia (Table 3). EDR again increases while MR decreases in the older age group. The highest EDR occurs in the second year of observation in males and female patients under age 65 (191 and 189, respectively), but the first year in the older patients (394 and 379, respectively). After its maximum, EDR decreases with duration, but high levels appear to persist after 10 years. There is no consistent difference in EDR between males and females. SR values at 10 years are about the same in both sexes, 16.2% for males and 15.8% for females.
From the results in Table 8, it appears that there has been some decrease in excess mortality from the 1975-1999 to the 2000-2022 cohort, when age/sex/duration cells are matched, but the differences are often relatively small. There is very little difference by race in overall excess mortality in the total 1975-2022 cohort. Nevertheless, CML percent relative survival in the age 65 up age group, M&F combined, shows a much more precipitous decline from 75% to 21% in 20 years disease duration than in chronic lymphoid leukemia for the same cohort entry time-period (2000-2022) as seen in Figure 11.
Citation: Journal of Insurance Medicine 52, 3; 10.17849/insm-52-3-1-32.1
Results for other histological types of leukemia are summarized in Table 9, for all ages combined in each type. Excess mortality was very high in most of these types. At duration 0-5 years, the EDR averaged 398 per 1000 in monocytic leukemia, 438 in leukemia NOS (not otherwise specified), precursor B-T cell lymphoblastic 99, and 483 in 2692 cases of other acute leukemias. Mortality was also very high in the rare aleukemic leukemia, with 1773 of 2581 cases (69%) terminating in death after 20 years and SR 27%. The sole histological form with the best prognosis was hairy cell leukemia: at duration 0-5 years EDR averaged 21 per 1000 and MR was only 111% at 10-20 years, with an EDR of 3.1. There were enough cases in the other large group, other leukemias (5,765 patients) to demonstrate modest excess mortality at duration 15-20 years: MR of 106%, EDR 2.0 per 1000 and SR 22.3% based on 148 deaths in 1,050 patient-years of exposure years: MR of 157%, based on 41 deaths in 1004 patient-years of exposure (Poisson 95% confidence interval).
Overall, leukemia subtype excess mortality-EDR declined and relative survival-SR improved with the passage of time. The lower three rows of Chart B below are not displayed in Table 10 to conserve space. However, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), male & female age groups, ages 65 up, display the most aggressive and threatening excess death rates (EDR) and lowest relative survival (SR) percentages of all major subgroups (See Chart D).
Summary: Leukemia Mortality & Survival Analytic Outcomes
Impact of Age, Sex, Race, Major Subtype
Observed mortality rates q increase, but mortality ratios MR, excess death rates EDR, observed cumulative survival rate P and cumulative survival ratio- 100P/P’ (% relative survival-SR) diminish with advancing age by race, sex and subtype.
Mortality generally shows very high EDR and MR values up to 10 years, and lower but often significant excess mortality to 20 years.
Impact of Cohort Entry Time-Period
Mortality including mortality rates q, MR and EDR diminish; observed cumulative survival rates P and interval percentages of relative survival SR improve with the succession of time from 1995-99 to 2000-22.
With advances in chemotherapy, 10-year relative survival nearly doubled from 33% in the earlier 1975-99 cohort to 60% in the 2000-22 leukemia (all subtypes combined) cohort.
Disease Duration
Overall, and by type, age, sex and race, with advancing leukemic disease durational intervals-of-persistence from 0-1 to 10-20 years, both excess mortality and relative survival simultaneously diminish.
COMMENTS AND CONCLUSION
Leukemia mortality, survival, and epidemiological material for this study have been drawn from:
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER Research Data, 8 Registries, Nov 2024 Sub (1975-2022)
Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute SEER*Stat software (www.seer.cancer.gov/seerstat) version 8.4.5.
Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute SEER*Stat software (www.seer.cancer.gov/seerstat) version 9.0.40.0.
American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2025. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2025.
“PDQ” – Adult Cancer Treatment Summaries-NCI; documents for the physician, on the treatment of leukemias.
SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics [Internet]. Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute; 2025 Apr 16. [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/.
Other references cited below (19-22).
Leukemia is a complex heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies that arise from the abnormal proliferation of leukocytes. There are many distinctive features for the leukemias as a collective cancer site. At diagnosis, they are already disseminated throughout the body. As a result, they are comparable only to the metastatic stage of most other cancers (except the lymphomas and multiple myeloma). They are regarded as “unstaged” although attempts have been made to stage some types. Nomenclature, classification, diagnosis and clinical course are exceedingly complex and varied. As a result, diagnosis and treatment are generally carried out at tertiary medical centers, with their facilities and the expertise of multi-disciplinary interprofessional medical teams. For the principal types, the fourfold division into acute and chronic forms of lymphoid and myeloid leukemia are used, but have included some other histological types listed in the SEER selection criteria. Other terms are also used, such as childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, to show the degree of cell maturation.
Mortality and epidemiological features have been described. Mortality generally shows very high annual EDR and MR values up to 10 years, and lower but often significant excess mortality to 20 years. However, advances in chemotherapy nearly doubled 10-year survival from 33% in the earlier 1975-99 cohort to 60% in the 2000-22 cohort. Treatment is very specific according to diagnostic type and phase of the disease. Chronic lymphoid leukemia often has an initial indolent and asymptomatic course in older adults, and especially with improved durational interval survivals in the late cohort, 2000-22, watchful waiting only may be exercised as an optional treatment modality. More invasive methods, such as intrathecal chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant, supplement regular chemotherapy protocols in specific situations. With many clinical trials in progress, treatment and prognosis remain in a fluid state for the leukemias.
Additional multiple genetic and environmental etiologic insights, multifactorial epidemiologic risk factors, data perspectives, and treatment advances are referenced.19-22
Leukemia frequency age & sex, 1975-2022.
Leukemia frequency age & race, 1975-2022.
Acute lymphoid leukemia frequency age & sex, 1975-2022.
Chronic lymphoid leukemia frequency age & sex, 1975-2022.
Acute myeloid leukemia frequency age & sex, 1975-2022.
Chronic myeloid leukemia frequency age & sex, 1975-2002.
ALL, % relative survival (SR) M&F, children-ages 00-14, 2000-2022.
ALL, % relative survival (SR) M&F, adults ages 65 up, 2000-2022.
CLL, % relative survival (SR) M&F, ages 65 up, 2000-2022.
AML, % relative survival (SR) M&F, ages 65 up, 2000-2022.
CML, % relative survival (SR) M&F, ages 65 up, 2000-2022.
Contributor Notes